Which statement best describes when diplomatic immunity may impede cross-border cooperation?

• A. It always allows free conduct with no consequences
• B. It never affects law enforcement
• C. It can impede investigations or enforcement in some cases, unless waivers or inviolability are waived
• D. It makes host countries immune from international law

Answer: (C)

Diplomatic immunity protects diplomats from the host country’s jurisdiction and from arrest for official acts, which means investigators and prosecutors in the host country may not be able to question or prosecute them. Because of that, cross-border cooperation can be hindered in practice when a diplomat is involved in wrongdoing. But immunity isn’t unlimited: it can be waived—either the sending state can consent to waiving immunity, or in some cases the host country can seek waivers for specific acts. When such waivers occur, investigations or enforcement can proceed. The host country also has tools like declaring a diplomat persona non grata and expelling them, which helps preserve cooperation even if immunity might otherwise block action. This nuance is why the statement stating that it can impede investigations or enforcement in some cases, unless waivers or inviolability are waived, is the best description.