Which term refers to cooperation among multiple countries to address global issues through formal agreements and institutions?

• A. International Cooperation
• B. Multilateralism
• C. Infrastructure
• D. Justify

Answer: (B)

Cooperation among many countries through formal agreements and institutions is multilateralism. This term captures how multiple states coordinate and commit to shared rules and processes via international organizations and treaties, allowing collective action on issues that cross borders, such as climate change, trade, or security. Examples include the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and climate agreements negotiated under international frameworks. Unlike broad or informal collaboration, multilateralism emphasizes a structured, rules-based approach involving several countries through established institutions. The other options don’t fit as well: infrastructure refers to physical networks, and justify is just a verb, while international cooperation describes cooperation in general and can be bilateral or informal without an explicit multilateral framework.